JavaScript Language has following characteristics: Lightweight: Small memory footprint, easy to implement Interpreted: No compilation, Instructions executed only Object Oriented: Modeled around objects First-class functions: Functions used as variables and parameters Scripting language: Writing instructions for runtime environment JavaScript is used for Client side web development Frameworks: JQuery, AngularJs, React, EServer-side Server-side web development Frameworks: NodeJS, Express Variable declaration and definition Declaration: Give a name to a variable Definition: Assign a value to the variable Equal operations =: assigning value to a variable (a=30) ==: check the values (doesn't consider types) ===: check the values and types Functions: no overloading functions are objects functional expression : assign function to variable anonymous function: function with no name Array methods push(value): value is appe...